Communication plays a minor role in fulfilling the purposes of a democratic society. The context of communication requires the most prestructuring of the message in public communication.
According to the book, the most intimate context of human communication is interpersonal communication. There are more opportunities for feedback in the dyadic context than in the small group context. Communication is the simple transmission of information from one person to another. An increased quantity of communication promotes more harmony and understanding.
Using your computer to check the voice mail for your office telephone is an example of media convergence. Having a local newspaper start placing video about news events on its website is an example of media convergence. The word communication comes from the Latin communicare, which means A. Which of the following does NOT relate to the term process?
Which of the following terms is NOT part of the definition of communication? Dialogic communication is best described as A.
Which of the following is the least public form of communication? Which of the following is NOT a component of communication? Apart from the transactional nature of communication, other essential properties of communication process include its affective nature, instrumental nature, consummatory as well as personal natures of communication cf. Burgoon and Ruffner, Odebunmi in Babatunde, interprets this to mean the passing or sharing of information necessary in the process of socialization.
People make subjective evaluations of the communication of others and respond to them on the basis of how they themselves are affected. People equally respond to affective or emotional communication from others which help determine the nature of future communication. More so, the fact that communication is a tool that can be used to achieve certain ends informs its instrumental nature.
With this, communication serves as an instrument by which people exert control over their physical and social environment. Advertising messages, political propaganda, religious and public speeches are some of the ways in which communication can serve as an instrument to help obtain desired outcomes.
Through this, language is used only to establish and maintain relationship rather than exchanging information. It is worthy of note that a great deal of everyday human communication is characterized by primarily interpersonal rather than the transactional use of language.
The distinctions between the instrumental and consummatory purposes of communication are not always easy to make. Hence, when a communicator finds a certain amount of satisfaction simply by communicating or engages communication personally to gratify certain needs rather than to affect or influence others, the consummatory purpose of communication is involved.
The personal nature of communication brings into fore the place of meaning in human communication. From the foregoing, messages are best understood when the persons in the process of communication share the knowledge of codes and symbols employed in the communicative act.
Owing to this notion, it is impossible to separate self from the communication process because all our experiences, attitudes, and emotions are involved and will affect the way we send and interpret messages see Shotter, ; Barnlund, ; Rogers, Over the years, scholars have created hundreds of definitions of communication. Dance and Larson even came out with published definitions of communication.
In deed it is one of the most overworked terms in the English Language. However, within the backdrop that a single definition that will capture the whole concept of communication may be impossible and unprofitable, scholars have distilled the following elements embarrass du choix as the three points of critical differentiation that form the basic dimensions of defining communication: The first dimension is the Level of Observation or Abstraction.
This dimension focuses on the inclusiveness, generalizability or how broad the definition is. Some definitions are broad while others are inclusive. A broad definition, as earlier mentioned, may expand the study of the subject and makes communication study abstract and unrealistic. Hence, an inclusive, specific and not too general definition has the higher tendency of expressing the concept of communication as it ought to be. If we compare this with the American College Dictionary definition of communication: Communication is the means of sending military messages, orders as by telephone, telegraph, radio or courier.
Some definitions include purposeful message sending and receiving while some simply do not emphasis the purpose. The third dimension is dubbed Normative Judgment.
In this dimension, some definitions include a statement of success or accuracy while some other definitions do not contain such implicit judgment. Take for example, Communication is the verbal interchange of a thought or idea.
And Communication is the transmission of information. The first definition here is judgmental through the verbal interchange while the second simply talks of the transmission of information. Burgoon and Ruffner also categorized two similar dimensions in defining communication. They are source-oriented definitions or receiver-oriented definitions. The Source-oriented definitions suggest that communication is all activities in which a person the source intentionally transmits stimuli to evoke a response.
Source-oriented definitions share attributes of intentionality and purpose with the Second dimension. By our definition, intent to communicate and intent to influence are synonymous. If there is no intent, there is no message.
Applying the concept of intentionality in the manner provided for by Miller and Steinberg tends to make one view all communication activities as instrumental and persuasive. Such a view focuses attention on certain variables in the process, such as the context of a speech or message, the method of delivery, and persuasiveness of the message. Much of the text using such a definition focus on the production of effective messages. With these sorts of definitions, human communication has occurred when a human being responds to a symbol.
It also implies that communication can be provided intentionally or unintentionally and responded to accordingly. The problem with receiver-oriented definition is that it is so broad that it only rules non-symbolic behaviour as communication. Against these various dimensions, a suitable working definition of communication can be attempted. Hence, a simple but broad definition — simple enough to allow understanding and broad enough to include many contexts of communication should be profitable.
We have found Pearson et al definition of communication adequate in this direction. With the McGraw Hill eBook, students can access their digital textbook on the web or go offline via the ReadAnywhere app for phones or tablets. See tabs below to explore options and pricing. Don't forget, we accept financial aid and scholarship funds in the form of credit or debit cards. Product Description. Rent Monthly.
Rent Day. What are my shipping options? The estimated amount of time this product will be on the market is based on a number of factors, including faculty input to instructional design and the prior revision cycle and updates to academic research-which typically results in a revision cycle ranging from every two to four years for this product.
Pricing subject to change at any time. Judy C. She has co-authored over 30 text and trade books and more than scholarly articles and chapters in edited books. She met Paul E.
Nelson at a basic course directors meeting, married him, and the couple has six children. The two have been producing basic course books together ever since. Paul E. He has co-authored many textbooks with his spouse and colleague, Dr. Scott is co-author of four textbooks and a nationally respected scholar in the field of instructional communication and communication education.
In addition to his current administrative responsibilities, Scott has worked as a basic course administrator for his entire career and has been active with the first year student program at Ohio University. Reduce course material costs for your students while still providing full access to everything they need to be successful. It isn't too good to be true - it's Inclusive Access.
Learn more about Inclusive Access here. Develop policies in talent management, total rewards and employee engagement. Utilize new technology to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of HRM Balance business demands with corporate social responsibility Written in an accessible manner, Essentials of Human Resource Management acts as an introduction to the subject for undergraduate students on HRM courses, as well as for postgraduate students on MBA programmes, and it will also be a valuable reference source for line managers.
A companion website supports this text with further materials. The Third Edition of this award-winning text helps readers develop key skills for success while also reminding them of the complex puzzles and paradoxes of management in the public sector. It provides thoroughly updated and enhanced coverage with additional practical tools for managers and student job seekers, more international examples, more examples from hospitals and social services, and new sections on ethics training, motivation, psychological contracts, civil service reform, and workplace violence.
Dennis Nickson takes an integrated look at HRM policies and practices in the tourism and hospitality industries. Utilising existing human resource management theory and practice, it contextualises it to the tourism and hospitality industries by looking at the specific employment practices of these industries.
Sison Publisher: Rex Bookstore, Inc. In , Ibn Battuta, who came from a family of Islamic jurists in Tangier, set out to make the pilgrimage to Mecca - the beginning of a journey that would last for twenty-four years and take him as far as China. In Volume 1, he describes his departure from Tangier, and his journey via Tunis to Egypt, where he travelled to Cairo, planning to reach a Red Sea port and sail to Arabia.
The route was closed, so he returned to Cairo and travelled from there to Damascus, taking in the holy places of Palestine en route. Having finally reached Medina and Mecca, he decided to travel on, to Najaf in present-day Iraq.
Courses Of All Indian Universities. Combining the latest academic research with practical approaches to managing HR in the workplace, the text is thoroughly revised with increased signposting to enhance accessibility, a revised structure designed to be more flexible for use on CIPD and non-CIPD courses, as well as the addition of more international cases. Ideal for students studying for the CIPD professional qualification as well as general human resource management modules at undergraduate and postgraduate level.
0コメント